Ali Shariati

Shariati developed fully novice approach to Shi'ism and interpreted the religion in a revolutionary manner. His interpretation of Shi'ism encouraged revolution in the world and promised salvation after death. Shariati referred to his brand of Shi'ism as "Red Shi'ism" which he contrasted with clerical-dominated, unrevolutionary "Black Shi'ism" or Safavid Shi'ism. Shariati's works were highly influenced by the Third Worldism that he encountered as a student in Paris — ideas that class war and revolution would bring about a just and classless society. He believed Shia should not merely await the return of the 12th Imam but should actively work to hasten his return by fighting for social justice, "even to the point of embracing martyrdom", saying "everyday is Ashoura, every place is Karbala." Shariati had a dynamic view about Islam: his ideology about Islam is closely related to Allama Iqbal's ideology as according to both intellectuals, change is the greatest law of nature and Islam.